of ultimate defence (13th century) is on Castle Hill. At the beginning of the 20th century so-called artificial ruins were created out of what remained from it, only for it to be uncovered again, in the 90’s. Partially reconstructed, it is accessible to visitors. The Cieszyn Piasts were the longest reigning line of the Piast dynasty in Upper Silesia, they ruled from 1290 to 1653. In the first half of the17th century they were also, undoubtedly, the most heavily indebted princely house in Silesia. From 1653 The Duchy of Cieszyn came under the rule of the Habsburgs.